Applied Research Services

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The common steps in conducting research is outlined below.  CRS realizes that each project is unique, and depending to the needs of the client, CRS can tailor this procedure using a selection or all of these procedures.  CRS works with the client to design the best possible methodology, and to collect the highest quality data to meet research objectives within time and cost constraints. 

Click on procedures that are highlighted in blue for more detailed information about that particular service.

1. Problem Formulation
   • Assistance in defining research problem or information requirements.

2. Research Design Development
   • Consultation on research design and expert advice on the application of specific research methodologies.

3. Design of Samples and Sampling
   • Assistance in designing and selecting samples that best represent the populations being studied.

4. Design of Research Instruments
   • CRS is available to design any instruments needed for any type of data collection.

5. Data Collection
   • Telephone Surveys
   • Web Surveys
   • Mail Surveys
   • Focus Groups
   • Face-to-Face Surveys
   • Other Methods

6. Data Coding
   • Assistance in creating data dictionaries and data codebooks.  CRS will code information into a numeric or text format.
   • CRS can help categorize a series of short or lengthy responses that can be summarized using statistical procedures.

7. Data and Text Entry and Verification
   • CRS performs verification on every data and text entry with emphasis on controlling for entry error and data cleaning.

8. Data Analysis and Management
   • CRS can help in the analysis and management of sample and data. 
   • CRS can also help with the most standard forms of statistical analysis such as t-tests, Chi-Square tests, Analysis of Variance and Multiple Regression.

9. Analysis of Error
   • Significant efforts are made to reduce the occurrence of non-random error, such as conducting pretests of questionnaires, training on proper interviewing techniques and project specific training sessions. 

10. Report Writing and Publication
    • Full Research Report
    • Technical Report

11. Presentation of Results
    • CRS presents the findings of research to sponsors and their clientele.  Presentation formats will depend upon each sponsor's needs.

12. Archive Maintenance of Records, Data, and Reports
    • For any scientific activity the maintenance of records and procedural documentation is required.  CRS archives copies of original materials and reports and stores all data files on the Urban Institute server.  Additionally, copies of these files can be provided on a CD-rom per client's request.